Four-Dimensional Imaging of ZnO-Coated Alumina Aerogels by Scanning Transmission X‑ray Microscopy and Ptychographic Tomography

Functional porous materials are of increasing importance in energy conversion and catalysis. Improved analysis is needed to guide optimization. Four-dimensional (4D) imaging [chemical mapping in three-dimensional (3D) by spectro-tomography] of an Al2O3 aerogel coated with ZnO by atomic layer deposition was performed using soft X-ray ptychography at the Zn L-edge. A two-dimensional spatial resolution of 14(2) nm was achieved. Visualizations of the 3D chemical structure are provided. The degree of ZnO coverage of the surface of the Al2O3 aerogel framework in two different samples was estimated and found to be both thicker and less homogeneous than expected. Other analyses of the 4D results, including the degree of contact between Al2O3 and ZnO, were extracted from the reconstructed 3D data. This pioneering soft X-ray spectro-ptycho-tomography study will anchor further studies of functional porous materials.