Theoretical Discovery of a Superconducting Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework

Superconductivity is a fascinating quantum phenomenon characterized by zero electrical resistance and the Meissner effect. To date, several distinct families of superconductors (SCs) have been discovered. These include three-dimensional (3D) bulk SCs in both inorganic and organic materials as well as two-dimensional (2D) thin film SCs but only in inorganic materials. Here we predict superconductivity in 2D and 3D organic metal-organic frameworks by using first-principles calculations. We show that the highly conductive and recently synthesized Cu-benzenehexathial (BHT) is a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer SC. Remarkably, the monolayer Cu-BHT has a critical temperature (T_c) of 4.43 K, while T_c of bulk Cu-BHT is 1.58 K. Different from the enhanced T_c in 2D inorganic SCs which is induced by interfacial effects, the T_c enhancement in this 2D organic SC is revealed to be the out-of-plane soft-mode vibrations, analogous to surface mode enhancement originally proposed by Ginzburg. Our findings not only shed new light on better understanding 2D superconductivity but also open a new direction to search for SCs by interface engineering with organic materials.