Selectivity coefficients of cation-exchange membranes: Maximizing consistency and minimizing error amplification

Experimental estimation of the selectivity coefficient of ion-exchange membranes involves significant error amplification, but no previous studies quantified the error propagation. Errors in measuring the concentration of the mono-valent cation can be magnified up to 500 times in estimating the selectivity coefficient of mono- to di-valent cations. Further, arithmetic averaging of individual estimations led to systematic overestimation of the …