Electrodialysis with spacers: Effects of variation and correlation of boundary layer thickness

The performance of electrodialysis is strongly dependent on the boundary layer thickness near an ion-exchange membrane. While a thinner boundary layer is known to enhance the ionic separation, the effects of statistical properties of the boundary layer thickness, such as the variation of the thickness and the correlation between the two boundary layers facing across the spacer, have not been elucidated. These effects were estimated by the Monte Carlo method incorporated into an analytical model. The analytical model simulates the binary ionic transport in four distinct regions of an electrodialysis cell pair: the bulk solution, boundary layer, ion-exchange membrane, and interface between the aqueous solution and ion-exchange membrane. The model current and potential relationships found that a greater variation or more positive correlation improves the ionic separation in the non-Ohmic regime. A bench-scale electrodialyzer was operated in a batch recycle system to develop steady-state current and potential relationships. Comparison between the model and experimental results found that the mean boundary layer thickness was tens of micrometers and the standard deviation of the thickness was similar to or greater than the mean thickness with the sheet-flow type mesh spacer.