Optimizing the rate and timing of phosphogypsum application to magnesium-affected soils for crop yield and water productivity enhancement

The levels of magnesium (Mg2+) in irrigation waters and soils are increasing in several irrigation schemes worldwide. Excess levels of Mg2+ in irrigation waters and/or in soils negatively affect soil physical properties (infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity) and ultimately crop growth and yield. Although few studies have been undertaken on productivity enhancement of magnesium-affected soils by adding a source of calcium (Ca2+) to …