Cardiac Complications Associated With Checkpoint Inhibition: A Systematic Review of the Literature in an Important Emerging Area

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including programmed cell death-1, programmed cell death ligand-1 and cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitors, have emerged as important therapeutic alternatives for advanced malignancies. This drug class upregulates T-cell activity, leading to an immune response against cancer cells. However, the increased activity of T cells can lead to autoimmune reactions. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review …