In vitro fertilisation in immunological infertility.

Fertilisation occurs through a complex and orderly sequence of changes in both the oocyte and the spermatozoon. Although mechanisms have evolved to protect spermatozoa from recognition by the immune system, there is evidence that a breakdown in protection can occur resulting in homologous or heterologous antisperm antibodies which can immobilise or agglutinate spermatozoa leading to infertility. Antisperm antibodies may affect the reproductive …