Factors Contributing to Preschoolers' Communicative Participation Outcomes: Findings From a Population-Based Longitudinal Cohort Study in Ontario, Canada

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify predictors of communicative participation outcomes for a large cohort of preschoolers with speech and language impairments. Method: A secondary analysis of longitudinal program evaluation data from Ontario, Canada's Preschool Speech and Language Program was done. Data available for 46,872 children 18-67 months of age (M = 41.76 months, SD = 11.92; 68% boys, 32% girls) were previously used to predict children's communicative participation skill development in 5 levels of function. Demographic and intervention-based variables were added to the models to identify new predictors of growth. Results: Three demographic and 3 intervention-based variables were statistically significant predictors of children's communicative participation outcomes. Clinically significant predictors included participation in an early learning environment, receipt of speech-language interventions, and the amount of time spent in intervention. These variables impacted predicted outcomes differently, depending on a child's level of communicative function. Conclusions: This population-based study of preschoolers with speech and language impairments identified predictors of growth in communicative participation skills-an outcome important and meaningful to families but not often explored. A broad picture emerged of factors that may influence the development of communicative participation skills and may be used to predict outcomes for preschoolers. Given the large sample size, these robust findings may be used to predict outcomes outside the Preschool Speech and Language Program as well. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6024422.