Pollution-, temperature- and predator-induced responses in phenotypically plastic gastropod shell traits

Phenotypically plastic traits adopt different appearances in different environments. Researchers routinely investigate environmental variables such as humidity and temperature as influential factors, but predation also can influence phenotype. Gastropods include well-known examples where predation, even if only perceived, can produce shell morphology changes. We conducted a quantitative descriptive study to investigate how apple snail (Pomacea …