Menstrual phase, sex, estradiol supplementation in men and exercise influence the mRNA content of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism

Menstrual phase and sex are important determinants of substrate utilization during exercise. We investigated the influence of menstrual phase, sex, 17‐β‐estradiol supplementation (ES) in men and moderate intensity endurance exercise on skeletal muscle mRNA content of seven genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism: glucose transport (GLUT 4), glucose phosphorylation (hexokinase II), glycogen synthesis (glycogenin, glycogen synthase 1, glycogen …