Retrospective Single-Arm Cohort Study of Patients with Hepatocellular Adenomas Treated with Percutaneous Thermal Ablation

PurposeTo assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous thermal ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular adenomas.Materials and MethodsThis is an ethics board-approved, single-arm, retrospective, cohort study of patients with pathologically proven hepatocellular adenomas treated with percutaneous thermal ablation at a tertiary referral center from 1999 to 2016. Demographic, procedural, and outcome data were collected and summarized with appropriate measures of central tendency and dispersion. Complications were graded per the Society of Interventional Radiology reporting guidelines. Determination of primary and secondary technique efficacies was based on post-procedural imaging.ResultsThirty-six patients (4 male, 32 female) with a median age of 35 years had 44 procedures for the treatment of 58 tumors. Twenty-two percent of patients had prior history of adenoma-related hemorrhage. The median tumor size was 2.1 cm (range 0.6–6.0). The majority of treatments were done on an outpatient basis, under moderate sedation, using radiofrequency ablation with ultrasound guidance. The median procedure time was 85 min. There were two immediate post-procedural hemorrhages (4.5% per procedure). During a median follow-up of 1.7 years (95% CI 0.2–8.0), there were no instances of malignant transformation, adenoma-related hemorrhages, or deaths. The primary and secondary technique efficacy rates were 88 and 100%, respectively.ConclusionThermal ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular adenoma had a primary and secondary efficacy of 88 and 100%, respectively. The major complication rate was 4.5%. The clinical efficacy during a median follow-up of 1.7 year was 100%.