Charge transfer and stability of implantable electrodes on flexible substrate

Beyond their biocompatibility, implanted electrodes for neuromuscular stimulation require careful consideration of conductivity, stability, and charge delivery capacity (CDC) to avoid irreversible faradaic reactions. To study these requirements, metal electrodes of platinum (Pt), gold (Au), and titanium (Ti) on flexible liquid crystal polymer are fabricated using electron-beam evaporation, and investigated by electrochemical impedance …