Modeling and design of high-frequency structures using artificial neural networks and space mapping

The increasing complexity of high-frequency electromagnetic (EM) structures motivates research for efficient modeling approaches. There are two main targets for developing such structures. The first is to use these models to optimize the original time-intensive "fine" EM structure. In other words, a "surrogate" model is used as a substitute of the EM structure. This surrogate model may be iteratively updated to improve its accuracy as more and …