Toxicity of two pyrethroid-based anti-sea lice pesticides, AlphaMax® and Excis®, to a marine amphipod in aqueous and sediment exposures

Pyrethroid pesticides used to control ectoparasitic sea lice in salmon aquaculture are released in effluent plumes from cage sites and have the potential to adversely affect non-target organisms. Pyrethroids have been shown to be highly toxic to crustaceans, but the toxicity of the pyrethroid-based anti-sea lice pesticides AlphaMax® (active ingredient (a.i.) deltamethrin) and Excis® (a.i. cypermethrin) has not been thoroughly studied for …