Seasonal Stable Isotope Records of Otoliths from Ocean-pen Reared and Wild Cod, Gadus morhua

Otoliths of ocean-pen reared cod, Gadus morhua, provide a unique opportunity to examine the lifetime history of the fish. Here we report 18 analyses of such otoliths on seasonal (winter and summer) stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios. The calculated isotopic temperatures from otoliths of reared cod were essentially in agreement with the temperature record during rearing, suggesting that temperature is a dominant factor in the precipitation of otolith aragonite. Carbon isotope ratios increased with age and leveled off at 4 years old, presumed to correlate with sexual maturity of cod. As compared with otoliths of wild-caught cod, significant differences were found in isotope variation and the correlation between δ13C and δ18O. These differences were probably attributable to the different environmental constraints and food supply.