Hydrology of small tributary streams in a subarctic wetland

Rivers traversing subarctic wetlands are fed by numerous small tributary creeks, which carry much of the wetland runoff into the rivers during the snow-free season. The wetlands, being saturated, generate abundant surface flow in the spring melt season. This amount of water cannot be accommodated by the tributary creeks and, together with general flooding of the rivers, there is little distinction between overland flow and channelled flow …