Characteristics and use of shallow wells in a stream fadama A case study in northern Nigeria

This paper examines the occurrence and use of shallow wells in a typical streamside fadama (seasonally flooded land) in northern Nigeria. The interplay of hydrologic and social considerations governing the location and use of seasonal, hand-dug wells in the fadama are also examined. Contrary to popular conception, children, women and men were found to be equally involved in the search for water, although large differences exist between ethnic and religious groups. It is shown that traditional patterns of water withdrawal are designed to accommodate the diverse interests of different groups and minimize the possibility of conflict. New technologies and policies which strengthen the water abstraction capacity of one group over others disrupt existing patterns and intensify discord between groups. Information obtained in this study can assist policy-makers in articulating more equitable water development policies.