Adequate ductility in steel beams under earthquake-type loading

This paper initially reviews some of the concepts used in damage assessment; simple damage parameters such as the ductility ratio and realistic mathematical models that reflect the deterioration of steel beams as a consequence of maximum response and dissipated energy are then discussed. Damage models are then presented that use the maximum response and repeated effects in the form of low-cycle fatigue. The proposed models calibrated through the use of cyclic tests on steel beams, are then used to yield deterministic parameters that predict adequate ductility values for steel beams under cyclic loading.