Fluid transients and pipeline optimization using GA and PSO: the diameter connection

This paper describes the optimal selection of pipe diameters in a network considering steady state and transient analysis in water distribution systems. Two evolutionary approaches, namely genetic algorithms (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), are used as optimization methods to obtain pipe diameters. Both optimization programs, inspired by natural evolution and adaptation, show excellent performance for solving moderately complex real-world problems which are highly nonlinear and demanding. The case study shows that the integration of GA or PSO with a transient analysis technique can improve the search for effective and economical hydraulic protection strategies. This study also shows that not only is the selection of pipe diameters crucially sensitive for the surge protection strategies but also that more global systematic approaches should be involved in water distribution system design, preferably at an early stage in the design process.