Leaks and Water Use Representation in Water Distribution System Models: Finding a Working Equivalence

The challenge of water demand representation in water distribution systems is revisited with a brief exploration of the relationship between a pressure-dependent leak and a fixed legitimate demand. Specifically, the idea that a leak can be modeled as an increment to legitimate demand in such a way that it entails an equivalent impact on both water loss and energy consumption is explored. Conversely, the representation of demands as leaks is briefly considered. The effectiveness of pressure reduction and demand curtailment as leak management schemes are compared for a single pipe system. The influence of pipe resistance on this relationship is assessed, suggesting that such schemes are more important in rougher pipes. In general, the notion that leakage and demand analysis/management are two sides of the same coin, and that pressure/demand management is essentially conservation, is put forth.