Sensitivity Analysis with Discrete Perturbation of Planar Structure on Method-of-Moment Grids

The system response sensitivity is needed in gradient-based optimization to evaluate changes in the response in the form of the response gradient with respect to the design parameters. The adjoint-variable method (AVM) is known to be the most efficient approach to design sensitivity analysis. It is well established in engineering areas such as structural design [1], circuit and control theory, [2] [3], as well as in microwave design [4]. …