Dispersing agents for electrophoretic deposition of TiO2 and TiO2–carbon nanotube composites

Organic anionic molecules such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DBA23), 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DBA26), 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and pyrocatecholsulfonphthalein (PCS) were investigated for electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of TiO2 and TiO2–multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films from suspensions in ethanol. The adsorption of the molecules on TiO2 surfaces was based on catecholate or salicylate binding, involving adjacent OH groups or …