Identification and determination of the dechlorination products of Dechlorane 602 in Great Lakes fish and Arctic beluga whales by gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry

During the course of our studies of in-use chlorinated flame retardants, such as Dechlorane Plus® and Dechloranes 602 and 604, blubber of beluga whales from the Canadian Arctic and lake trout and whitefish from the North American Great Lakes were found to contain two novel dechlorination products of Dechlorane 602 (Dec602). The structures of these compounds were characterized by experiments performed using both gas chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry and Fourier transform mass spectrometry with a prepared technical mixture of monohydro and dihydroDec602 derivatives. These Dec602 derivatives are analogous to the well-known monohydro and dihydro photochemical degradation products of Mirex. The ratio of the two monohydroDec602 diastereomers varied between Lake Ontario fish and those from the upper lakes, but only one isomer was found in Arctic beluga, indicating that one isomer is either more stable or more bioaccumulative. Dechlorane Plus®, Dec603, and Dec 604 were not detected in Arctic beluga, but Dec602 and its monohydroDec602 derivative were measured in approximately equal concentrations, ranging from 25 to 300 pg/g lipid. In Great Lakes fish, concentrations of the monohydroDec602 derivatives were also close to those of Dec602, ranging from 2 to 67 ng/g lipid and were greatest in Lake Ontario. This study reports on the first measurements of dechlorane-related compounds in Arctic biota and the first detection of monohydroDec602 degradation products and their accumulation in biota.FigureDechlorane 602 and its dechlorination product are detected in Great Lakes fish and Arctic beluga