How to Manage a High Defibrillation Threshold in ICD Patients: and Does it Really Matter?

Opinion statementIn the 30 years since its introduction, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) hardware and programming has evolved greatly. Coupled with a better understanding of how patient factors and anti-arrhythmic drug therapy affect ICD function, these changes have resulted in a modern ICD system which is highly effective at terminating ventricular arrhythmias. This has led to a marked decrease in the conduct of intraoperative …