A numerical and experimental investigation of “inverse” triple flames

Tribrachial or triple flames represent a class of partially premixed flames that generally contain three spatially distinct but synergistically coupled reaction zones, namely a rich premixed, a lean premixed, and a nonpremixed reaction zone. The generally considered flow arrangement for burner-stabilized triple flames involves a rich mixture issuing from a central port and a lean mixture from two outer ports, which we call a reference …