Time‐Resolved Fluorescence and Diffuse Reflectance (TRF‐DR) Spectroscopy for Heterogeneous Breast Tissue Classification and Tumor Margin Assessment

This study demonstrates our time‐resolved fluorescence and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy system can classify breast tumor in heterogeneous tissue. It achieved sensitivity and specificity comparable to other techniques and highlights the effect of heterogeneous measurements on performance. These results support the potential of this system as an intraoperative margin assessment tool.