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DYNAMIC TESTING OF CONTROLLED ROCKING MASONRY...
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DYNAMIC TESTING OF CONTROLLED ROCKING MASONRY WALLS WITH END-CONFINED BOUNDARY ELEMENTS

Abstract

Modern seismic design standards depend on a capacity design philosophy that promotes seismic energy dissipation through the yielding of selected structural elements, such as plastic hinges in reinforced masonry walls. However, the formation of such hinges in masonry structures can lead to residual drifts and extensive structural damage that is difficult to repair. By introducing the rocking design mechanism, residual drifts and structural damage are to be minimized, thereby enhancing seismic resilience. In a rocking system, the structural response is softened not by yielding primary structural components but rather by overcoming precompression to open elastic gaps. Controlled Rocking Masonry Walls (CRMWs) have shown resilience when used as lateral load-resisting systems, demonstrating an ability to avoid damage and residual drifts. The restoring force in such walls can be provided by unbonded post-tensioned (UPT) steel bars anchoring the wall to the foundation and axial loads from the wall's self-weight and tributary gravity loads. To provide damping to the system, energy dissipation devices (EDD) can also be included. These devices can be internal (e.g., unbonded bars connecting the wall to the foundation) or external (e.g., steel flexural yielding arms). While CRMWs with UPT and internal EDD avoid residual drifts and have minimal damage to the masonry wall, they also have several drawbacks, including the difficulty of installing the bars during construction and accessing them for inspection and repair after a damaging earthquake. The current paper investigates the dynamic response of CRMWs without UPT and with externally-mounted energy dissipation (ED-CRMW). Snap-back testing for one ED-CRMW with steel flexural yielding arms is described. The test wall is built with half-scale concrete masonry blocks, fully grouted, and has end-confined boundary elements with closed ties. The snap-back test provides a static pushover and a nonlinear free vibration response of the system. The system's lateral load behavior is evaluated, and the energy dissipation capabilities due to inherent viscous damping, hysteretic effects, and wall impact on the foundation are characterized. The test results will facilitate the introduction of resilient seismic force-resisting systems and the development of reliable design provisions within future editions of relevant masonry design standards.

Authors

Soliman Y; Ezzeldin M; Wiebe L

Book title

World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Proceedings

Volume

2024

Publication Date

January 1, 2024

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