Testing the Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off in Reading: Effects of Reading Speed on Comprehension and Eye Movements

This study investigates whether the natural reading rate aligns with the rate optimal for reading comprehension. Challenging the speed-accuracy trade-off, it asks how manipulated reading speeds affect comprehension and eye movements in readers. It explores individual differences in reading ability to determine their impact on adaptability to speed changes. A total of 46 native English-speaking students (37 female [80.4%], 8 male [17.4%], 1 other [2.2%]; mean age = 19.82 years) were asked to read English texts at a range of speeds, with some significantly exceeding the average natural reading rate. The reading speed was manipulated using a novel line-by-line method of text enhancement within a page. Comprehension remained consistent across a broad range of speeds, with notable declines observed only at 405 words per minute. Individual differences in reading proficiency were found to influence text comprehension. Those who were faster readers and those with a higher word reading efficiency demonstrated superior maintenance of comprehension at elevated speeds. Eye movements showed efficient adaptation, particularly in later measures, while word length, frequency and surprisal effects remained fully intact. The findings challenge the notion of a speed-accuracy trade-off in reading, showing that eye movements are adaptable and that skilled adult readers can sustain effective comprehension at rates above their preferred reading speed.