Clogging of cohesive particles in a two-dimensional hopper

We study clogging of cohesive particles in a 2D hopper with experiments and simulations. The system consists of buoyant, monodisperse oil droplets in an aqueous solution, where the droplet size, buoyant force, cohesion, and hopper opening are varied. Stronger cohesion enhances clogging, a trend confirmed in simulations. Balancing buoyant and cohesive forces defines a cohesive length scale that collapses the data onto a master curve. Thus, under strong cohesion, we find that clogging is governed not by particle diameter, but by the cohesive length scale.