Disparities in fracture care in China: a cross-sectional analysis of the INORMUS study.

BACKGROUND: There is limited information on the morbidity burden and care pathway of musculoskeletal injuries in China. Here we describe the characteristics and care delivered for patients hospitalised for traumatic fracture in China. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (≥18 years of age) from 12 hospitals across China hospitalised for traumatic injuries in the previous three months were recruited from October 2015 to April 2017 as part of a global multicentre prospective observational study (the INORMUS Study). RESULTS: Of 8,389 patients recruited (mean age 56.3 years; 51.5% male), hip fracture was the most common fracture (22.2%), then spine (16.9%), foot (13.1%), and tibia (10.4%). Falls were the most common injury mechanism (64.1%), followed by transport (22.0%). Most injuries occurred on the street (41.9%) or at home (34.6%). There was variation between hospitals across regions regarding the reasons for delays to care, time to surgery, and antibiotic usage. Around 70% of patients with hip fracture achieved definitive stabilisation of the fracture more than 48 hours from admission in study hospitals in the Western and Northern regions. CONCLUSION: Aligning with global patterns of injury, road traffic injury, falls, and hip fracture are major contributors to the injury burden in China. The significant variations in care identified highlight the need for enhanced and equitable fracture care, including improved community awareness of fracture care, introduction of practices to avoid over-treatment, publication of national guidelines for accelerated surgery and antibiotic prophylaxis, participation of multidisciplinary team, and establishment of a hospital-driven fast-track pathway and an auditing mechanism for quality improvement in fracture care in China.