History of Evidence-Based Surgery (EBS)

In this chapter, we discuss the history and evolution of evidence-based surgery (EBS) from its progenitor evidence-based medicine (EBM). As a paradigm shift starting from the 1970s to present day, both place a higher value on evidence than authority. We discuss how research evidence is now used in surgical decision-making as one of the five pillars of EBS. Furthermore, the chapter discusses how various surgical programs have integrated evidence-based training and research into their curriculum. We highlight the initiatives and groups leading the development of clinical research methodological and reporting guidelines. This chapter introduces surgeons to the new initiatives on the development of standards in measurement and reporting of surgical outcomes that can be applied within their subspecialties.