This study aimed to investigate the effect of inflammatory factor (interleukin-10, IL-10) on the expression of genes related to volatile fatty acid (VFA) absorption in bovine rumen epithelial cells. The experiment adopted a randomized block design. Under the conditions of in vitro culture of rumen epithelial cells, the effect of 50 ng•mL-1 IL-10 on genes expression of nuclear factor (NF-κB), putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1), anion exchanger 2(AE2), monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1), monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), Na-/H+exchanger 1 (NHE1) in bovine rumen epithelial cells was detected. The results showed that, under neutral conditions, IL-10 addition significantly down-regulated the expression of NF-κB, PAT1, MCT1, NHE1 genes (P<0.05), and significantly up-regulated the expression of AE2 gene (P<0.05), while had no significant effect on the gene expression of MCT4. Under acidic conditions, the expression of NF-κB gene in the IL-10 addition group was significantly inhibited (P<0.05), while the expression of PAT1, MCT1, and MCT4 genes were significantly promoted (P<0.05). Compared with the condition of pH7.2 group, the NF-κB gene expression in the pH5.5 group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The results suggest that, under inflammatory conditions, interleukin-10 as an anti-inflammatory factor can alleviate the inflammatory response of rumen epithelial cells and promote the genes expression of VFA absorption-related protein.