Particle energization by a substorm dipolarization

Abstract Magnetotail dipolarizations, often associated with substorms, produce significant energetic particle enhancements in the nighttime magnetosphere. In this paper, we apply our recently developed magnetotail dipolarization model to the problem of energizing electrons and ions. Our model is two‐dimensional in the meridional plane and is characterized by the ability to precisely control the location of the transition from the dipole‐like to …