First Aid: 2025 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation conducts continuous reviews of new, peer-reviewed, published first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation science and publishes more comprehensive reviews every 5 years. The First Aid chapter of the 2025 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations addresses all published evidence reviewed by the First Aid Task Force science experts since 2020. This summary includes new systematic reviews on manual uterine massage for postpartum hemorrhage, unintentional injury from chest compressions in noncardiac arrests, and treatment of jellyfish stings. There are also new scoping reviews on the topics of first aid interventions to prevent adverse consequences of postpartum hemorrhage, spinal motion restriction, and preservation of an amputated body part. Summaries of systematic and scoping reviews included in the 2021 to 2024 annual summaries are also included to provide a more comprehensive reference for the reader. Members of the First Aid Task Force have assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of the evidence, on the basis of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task force are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. The task force also lists priority knowledge gaps for further research.