The study evaluated the effects of coated folic acid (CFA) and palm fat powder (PFP) on lactation performance, blood indices and liver lipid metabolism of perinatal dairy cows. Thirty-two Holstein cows with similar parity, body weight, milk yield during the previous lactation and expected delivery date were assigned in a randomized block design to 4 groups with 8 cows in each group. Cows in the control group (CON group) were fed a basal diet, and those in CFA group, PFP group and CFA+PFP group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 6.75 g/d CFA, 500 g/d PFP and 6.75 g/d CFA+500 g/d PFP, respectively. The experiment period was from 42 days of prepartum to 21 days of postpartum. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with CON group, the body weight change (BWC, increased) of cows in prepartum, yields of actual milk, 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM), milk fat and milk protein, as well as milk total 4 to 15 carbon fatty acid content and feed efficiency (FE) were significantly greater after CFA supplementation (P<0.05); the serum contents of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in both prepartum and postpartum and the liver contents of total lipid and triglyceride (TG) in postpartum were significantly lower (P < 0.05). 2) Compared with CON group, the BWC (increased) of cows in prepartum, yields of actual milk, 4% FCM and milk fat, as well as total 16 carbon fatty acid content and FE were significantly greater after PFP supplementation (P<0.05). 3) The interaction between CFA and PFP was not significant on BWC, lactation performance, blood indices and liver lipid content (P＞0.05). 4) The results of transcriptome sequencing of liver tissues on day 21 of postpartum showed that the expressions of fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) of cows in CFA group were significantly greater compared with CON control (P<0.05), and the expressions of retinoid X receptor gamma (RXRγ), fatty acid translocase (CD36), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) and adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2) were significantly lower (P<0.05); the FASN expression in PFP group was significantly greater compared with CON control (P<0.05), and the expressions of RXRγ, long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) and CD36 were significantly lower (P < 0.05); the expressions of FASN, CD36 and SCD1 in CFA +PFP group were significantly greater compared with CON control (P<0.05), and the expressions RXRγ, APOA1 and glycerol kinase (GK) were significantly lower (P<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of CFA or PFP can improve the lactation performance of perinatal dairy cows, and the supplementation of CFA can decrease the liver lipid content; the regulation of CFA on liver lipid metabolism is via AMPK signaling pathway and CD36, and PFP is via PPAR signaling pathway and ACSL1 and CD36; however, the supplementation of CFA and PFP together is not recommended.