Phenanthrene and its halogenated derivative inhibit adipogenesis and decrease peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression independently of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are natural by-products of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, wood, incinerator waste, and are also used in man-made dyes, plastics, and pesticides. Humans are mostly exposed to PAHs through air (ex. smoke inhalation), drinking water, and foods. Phenanthrene (Phe) is the most abundant PAH found in the environment, however there are very few studies that have examined either its systemic health effects …