Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Hypertension in an Outpatient Setting

Pediatric hypertension (HTN) is a public health concern with significant possible long-term adverse outcomes. This review is a comprehensive guide for pediatricians, nephrologists, and trainees, focusing on the latest approaches for HTN diagnoses in children and highlighting the importance of accurate blood pressure measurement techniques. We also explore current classification systems and offer evidence-based HTN management strategies tailored to pediatric patients. Lifestyle modifications are the recommended first-line interventions, including dietary changes, physical activity, and weight management. Pharmacological treatments are for severe cases or when lifestyle modifications are insufficient. The guidelines provide an overview of commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications, potential complications associated with untreated HTN, including target organ damage and increased cardiovascular risk in adulthood, and the importance of early recognition and intervention. This review aims to help healthcare professionals thoroughly understand pediatric HTN to improve diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes.