Impact of Metabolic Surgery on Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes

Obesity is strongly associated with a range of cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and stroke. Metabolic surgery has emerged as one of the most effective interventions for individuals with severe obesity, not only by promoting substantial and durable weight loss but also by improving cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes. Cardiovascular benefits may also be mediated via …