Clinical deployment of machine learning models in craniofacial surgery: considerations for adoption and implementation

The volume and complexity of clinical data are growing rapidly. The potential for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to significantly impact plastic and craniofacial surgery is immense. This manuscript reviews the overall landscape of AI in craniofacial surgery, highlighting the scarcity of prospective and clinically translated models. It examines the numerous clinical promises and challenges associated with AI, such as the lack of robust legislation and structured frameworks for its integration into medicine. Clinical translation considerations are discussed, including the importance of ensuring clinical utility for real-world use. Finally, this commentary brings forward how clinicians can build trust and sustainability toward model-driven clinical care.