PupaNet: A versatile and efficient silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) identification tool for sericulture breeding based on near-infrared spectroscopy and deep transfer learning

Automatic identification of pupal metamorphosis development phases (PMDPs), pupal sex, and pupal species can provide labor-saving and intelligent breeding strategies for sericulture. PupaNet, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network, was developed using near-infrared (NIR) spectra for pupae identification and to assess the reliability of sex identification during PMDPs. Its learning effectiveness was enhanced with the convolution sampling …