Antifreeze proteins in winter rye

Six antifreeze proteins, which have the unique ability to adsorb onto the surface of ice and inhibit its growth, have been isolated from the apoplast of winter rye leaves where ice forms at subzero temperatures. The rye antifreeze proteins accumulate during cold acclimation and are similar to plant pathogenesis‐related proteins, including two endoglucanase‐like, two chitinase‐like and two thaumatin‐like proteins. Immunolocalization of the …