Small molecules targeting GRP78 mitigate anti-GRP78 autoantibody–mediated tissue factor procoagulant activity in cultured endothelial cells

BACKGROUND: The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) expressed on the cell surface (csGRP78) has been reported to regulate tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity (PCA) in lesion-resident endothelial cells (ECs), which is further enhanced by circulating anti-GRP78 autoantibodies that bind to the Leu₉₈-Leu₁₁₅ epitope in GRP78. OBJECTIVES: Determine the effects of the engagement of the anti-GRP78 autoantibody to csGRP78 on ECs and the …