A geostatistical study of socioeconomic status (SES), rurality, seasonality and index test results as drivers of free private groundwater testing in southern Ontario, 2012–2016

Approximately 12% of the Canadian population uses private wells for daily water consumption; however, well water testing rates are on the decline, resulting in an increased risk of waterborne acute gastrointestinal illness. To date, limited research has explored the determinants influencing well testing practices. Accordingly, the current study sought to investigate the drivers of "one-off" and repeat well water testing in southern Ontario …