Shallow seismic reflection profiling of waste disposal sites

Conventional approaches to environmental site characterization usually involve drilling of relatively dense networks of continuously sampled and geophysically logged boreholes. In glaciated terrains, problems are often encountered in determining the lateral continuity and three-dimensional sub-surface geometry of sediments between borehole locations. An improved and potentially more cost-effective approach combines drilling and borehole sampling with high-resolution shallow seismic reflection profiling. This approach is illustrated with case studies from candidate landfill sites. Seismic data provide critical information regarding the lateral continuity and geometry of sediments and pathways for ground water and contaminants.