Detecting changes in ecosystem quality following long-term restoration efforts in Cootes Paradise Marsh

Cootes Paradise Marsh is a large urban wetland of western Lake Ontario that has undergone major restoration as part of the Hamilton Harbour Remedial Action Plan. A key component of the restoration plan is exclusion of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) via construction of the Cootes Paradise Fishway that became operational in 1997. Here, we evaluate the response of the marsh community to carp exclusion using three approaches. First of all we analyze …