Warmer waters increase the larval sea lamprey's (Petromyzon marinus) tolerance to the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM)

Invasive sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes are controlled by applying the pesticide (lampricide) 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to waters infested with larval lamprey. However, treatment effectiveness can be undermined by “residual” larval sea lamprey that survive TFM exposure, and subsequently complete metamorphosis into parasitic juvenile sea lamprey that prey on culturally and economically important fishes. We …