Sonographic measurement criteria for the diagnosis of internal jugular phlebectasia in children

BACKGROUND: To establish sonographic (US) criteria for the diagnosis of internal jugular phlebectasia (IJP) in children and to determine reliable cutoff values of US measurements with high specificity and sensitivity. METHODS: We used B-mode US for the measurement of internal jugular vein transverse (T) and anteroposterior (AP) diameter, and cross-sectional area (CSA) at rest and during the Valsalva maneuver (VM) in 21 patients, aged 15 months …