A small p-value from an observed data is not evidence of adequate power for future similar-sized studies: A cautionary note

BACKGROUND: p-values are ubiquitous in medical research, but are often misunderstood. In addition to being misused or perhaps even abused at post-statistical analysis stage of making scientific inference and interpretations, p-values can also be a source of confusion at the design stage. METHODS: Application of standard test statistic on observed data may result in a small p-value which in turn may give the impression that a new study that has …