Design and Control Principles of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

As discussed in the previous chapters, in the PPS charge sustained hybrid drive train, the net energy consumption in PPS in a complete driving cycle is zero, that is, the energy level in the PPS at the beginning of the driving cycle is equal to the energy level at the end of the driving cycle. All the propulsion energy comes from the primary energy source: gasoline or diesel for IC engines; hydrogen or hydrogen-based fuel for fuel cells. During …