Population-scale COVID-19 curfew effects on urban black carbon concentrations and sources in Kigali, Rwanda

COVID-19 lockdowns enabled researchers to examine air quality in response to economic shifts. However, sub-Saharan African studies are limited, and lockdowns in tropical countries coincided with the wet season. We provide the first record of variations (including diurnal change, daytime and nighttime curfew) in concentrations of black carbon related to fossil fuel burning (BCff) and biomass burning (BCbb) for 2020, focused on three periods: …